Tree Names and Botanical Listings

General rules

List the common and scientific names on first reference, as appropriate. In general, for articles, list the common name for a plant, followed on first reference by the italicized scientific/Latin name in parenthesis: white fir (Abies concolor). The Latin may be preferrable for scientific papers and articles about forestry research, cloning, etc.: Eucalyptus globulus (blue gum).

The Latin for a variety of a species follows this format: Pinus ponderosa var. arizonica 

On second reference, abbreviate the genus: E. globulus 

Use eucalypt as the common name for a tree or single species of tree within the Eucalyptus family. Use eucalypts as the plural.

It is also proper to use "Eucalyptus family" or refer to the species: Eucalyptus saligna, E. globulus,etc. 

Tree names:

acacia

-- Acacia hybryda
-- A. mangium
-- A. plustree

alder

red -- Alnus rubra
white -- Alnus incana

American basswood -- Tilia americana
American beech -- Fagus grandifolia 
American chestnut -- Castanea dentata
American elm -- Ulmus americana
American sycamore -- Platanus occidentalis

ash

black -- Fraxinus nigra
green -- F. pennsylvanica
white -- F. americana

aspen

bigtooth -- Populus grandidentata
quaking -- P. tremuloides

balm-of-Gilead -- Populus gileadensis
balsam -- P. balsamifera
balsam fir -- Abies balsamea
balsam poplar -- Populus balsamifera

basswood

American -- Tilia americana
white -- T. heterophylla

bay (see loblolly-bay)
beech -- Fagus grandifolia
bigleaf maple -- Acer macrophyllum
bigtooth aspen -- Populus grandidentata

birch

paper -- Betula papyrifera
river -- B. nigra
sweet -- B. lenta
water -- B. occidentalis
yellow -- B. alleghaniensis

black ash -- Fraxinus nigra
black birch -- Betula lenta
black gum (sour gum) -- Nyssa sylvatica 
black gum (2) -- Eucalyptus aggregata or E. ovata
black hemlock -- (see mountain hemlock)
black maple -- Acer nigrum
black oak -- Quercus velutina
black spruce -- Picea mariana
black tupelo -- Nyssa sylvatica
black willow -- Salix nigra
blackgum (sour-gum) -- Nyssa sylvatica
blue gum -- Eucalyptus globulus
bog spruce -- (see black spruce)
broadleaf maple -- (see bigleaf maple)
brown ash -- (see black ash)

buckeye

Ohio -- Aesculus glabra
yellow -- A. octranda

bull pine -- (see loblolly)
bur oak -- Quercus macrocarpa
butternut -- Juglans cinerea
buttonwood -- Conocarpus erectus (see also Callicoma and Glochidion spp.)

California red oak -- Quercus kelloggii
California redwood -- (see redwood)
California (Sierra) white fir -- Abies lowiana

Canada hemlock -- (see eastern hemlock)
canoe birch -- (see paper birch)
canyon live oak -- Quercus chrysolepis
cat spruce -- (see white spruce)

catalpa

northern -- Catalpa speciosa
southern -- C. bignonioides
princess-tree -- Paulownia tomentosa
Chinese catalpa -- C. ovata

Catawba-tree -- Catalpa speciosa 

cedar

Atlantic white -- Chamaecyparis thyoides
eastern red cedar -- Juniperus virginiana
incense -- Libocedrus decurrens
Port-Orford -- Chamaecyparis lawsonia
western red cedar -- Thuja plicata

cedar pine -- (see spruce pine)
cherry birch -- (see sweet birch)
chestnut -- Castanea dentata
chestnut oak -- Quercus prinus
Chihuahua pine -- Pinus leiophylla
Chinquapin oak -- Quercus muehlenbergii
cigartree -- (see catalpa, northern/southern) 
coast redwood -- Sequoia sempervirens

cottonwood

eastern (common) -- Populus deltoides
black -- P. trichocarpa
southern -- (see eastern cottonwood)
swamp -- P. heterophylla

cucumbertree (cucumber magnolia) -- Magnolia acuminata

Douglas-fir -- Pseudotsuga menziesii

eastern fir -- (see balsam fir)
eastern hemlock -- Tsuga canadensis
eastern hophornbeam -- Ostrya virginiana
eastern larch -- (see tamarack)
elm, American -- Ulmus americana

eucalypts

blue gum -- Eucalyptus globulus
gum-top stringybark -- E. delegantensis
rose gum -- E. grandis/rhodantha

shining gum -- E. nitens

evergreen magnolia -- (see southern magnolia)

fetid buckeye -- (see Ohio buckeye)

fir

balsam -- Abies balsamea
California red -- A. magnifica
California/Sierra white -- A. lowiana
Douglas-fir (coastal) -- Pseudotsuga menziesii
eastern -- (see balsam fir)
Fraser -- Abies fraseri 
grand -- A. grandis
noble -- A. procera
Pacific silver -- A. amabilis
red -- A. magnifica
Shasta -- A. magnifica Shastensis
subalpine -- A. lasiocarpa
white -- A. concolor

grand fir -- Abies grandis
gray birch -- Betula populifolia
gray elm -- (see American elm)
gray pine -- (see jack pine)
gum -- (see eucalypts)

hackmatack -- (see tamarack)
hard maple -- (see black/sugar maple)
hardy catalpa -- (see northern catalpa)

hemlock

Carolina -- Tsuga caroliniana
eastern -- T. canadensis
mountain -- T. mertensiana
western -- T. heterophylla

hoop ash -- (see black ash)

larch

American larch/tamarack -- Larix laricina
western -- L. occidentalis

largetooth aspen (bigtooth aspen) -- Populus grandidentata
laurel oak -- Quercus laurifolia
liquidambar (sweetgum) -- Liquidambar styraciflua
live oak -- Quercus virginiana
loblolly pine -- Pinus taeda
loblolly-bay -- Gordonia lasianthus

longleaf pine -- Pinus australis
lowland (white) fir -- (see grand fir)

magnolia

bigleaf -- Magnolia macrophylla
southern -- M. grandiflora
["cuccumbertree" -- M. acuminata]

maple

bigleaf -- Acer grandiflora
black -- A. nigrum
red -- A. rubrum
silver -- A. saccharinum
sugar -- A. saccharum

marsh pine (see pond pine)
mountain alder -- Alnus crispa 
mountain hemlock -- Tsuga mertensiana 

northern catalpa -- Catalpa speciosa
northern red oak -- Quercus rubra

oak

black -- Quercus velutina
California red -- Q. kelloggii
chestnut -- Q. prinus
Chinquapin -- Q. muehlenbergii
laurel -- Q. laurifolia
live -- Q. virginiana
Oregon white -- Q. garryana
overcup -- Q. lyrata
pin -- Q. palustris
red (northern) -- Q. rubra
scarlet -- Q. coccinea
southern red -- Q. falcata
swamp/swamp white -- Q. bicolor
swamp chestnut oak -- Q. michauxii
water -- Q. nigra
white -- Quercus alba

Oregon pine -- (see Douglas-fir)
Oregon white oak -- Quercus garryana
overcup oak -- Q. lyrata

Pacific silver fir -- Abies amabilis
paper birch -- Betula papyrifera
Pepperidge -- (see black tupelo)
pin oak -- Quercus palustris

pine

Chihuahua -- Pinus leiophylla
eastern white -- P. strobus
jack -- P. banksiana
Jeffrey -- P. jeffreyi
loblolly -- P. taeda
lodgepole -- P. contorta
longleaf -- P. palustris/australis
Monterey -- P. radiata
pitch -- P. rigida
pond -- P. serotina
Ponderosa -- P. ponderosa
radiata -- P. radiata
red -- P. resinosa
sand -- P. clausa
shortleaf -- P. echinata
slash -- P. elliottii
southern -- P. taeda (see loblolly)
spruce -- P. glabra
sugar -- P. lambertiana
Virginia -- P. virginiana
western white -- P. monticola

pitch pine -- Pinus rigida
plane-tree --- Old World sycamores -- Platanus occidentalis.
pond pine -- Pinus serotina
poplar, balsam -- (See balsam poplar)

poplar (also see cottonwood)
balsam -- Populus balsamifera
yellow (tulip tree) -- Liriodendron tulipifera

post oak -- Quercus stellata

quaking aspen -- Populus tremuloides

red alder -- Alnus rubra
red beech -- Nothofagus fusca
red birch -- (see river/water birch)

red fir

California -- Albies magnifica
shasta -- A. magnifica shastensis

red maple -- Acer rubrum
red oak (northern) -- Quercus rubra
red pine -- Pinus resinosa
red spruce -- Picea rubens
redbay -- Persea borbonia

redcedar

eastern -- Juniperus virginiana
southern -- J. silicicola
western -- Thuja plicata

redgum -- (see sweetgum)
redwood, coast -- Sequoia sempervirens
river birch -- Betula nigra

sand pine -- Pinus clausa
sapgum -- (see sweetgum)
scarlet maple -- (see red maple)
scarlet oak -- Quercus coccinea
scrub pine -- Pinus virginiana
Shasta fir -- Abies magnifica Shastensis
shining gum -- Eucalyptus nitens
shortleaf pine -- Pinus echinata
silver birch -- (see yellow birch)
silver fir, Pacific -- Albies amabilis
silver maple -- Acer saccharinum
silver spruce -- (see blue spruce)
Sitka spruce -- Picea sitchensis
skunk spruce -- (see white spruce)
slash pine -- Pinus elliottii
soft maple -- (see silver maple)
sour gum -- Nyssa sylvatica
sour tupelo -- (see Ogeechee tupelo)
souther magnolia -- Magnolia grandiflora
southern red oak -- Quercus falcata
southern pine -- Pinnus taeda (see loblolly pine)
Spanish oak -- (see southern red oak)

spruce

black -- Picea mariana
blue -- P. pungens
Engelmann -- P. engelmannii
red -- P. rubens
Sitka -- P. sitchensis
white -- P. glauca

spruce pine -- Pinus clausa
sugar maple -- Acer saccharum
sugar pine -- Pinus lambertiana
swamp ash -- (see green ash)
swamp blue gum -- Eucalyptus seeana
swamp chestnut oak -- Quercus michauxii
swamp oak/swamp white oak -- Quercus bicolor
swamp cottonwood -- Populus heterophylla
swamp maple -- (see red maple)

swamp pine -- Pinus serotina
swamp red oak -- (see southern red oak)
swamp spruce -- (see black spruce)

swamp tupelo -- Nyssa biflora
swamp white oak -- Quercus bicolor
sweet birch -- Betula lenta
sweet buckeye -- Aesculus octandra
sweet chestnut -- Castanea sativa
sweetbay -- Magnolia virginiana
sweetgum -- Liquidambar styraciflua
sycamore -- Platanus occidentalis

tamarack -- Larix laricina
tanoak -- Lithocarpus densiflorus
trembling aspen -- (see quaking aspen)
tulip-poplar -- (see yellow-poplar)
tulip-tree -- Liriodendron tulipifera

tupelo

black -- Nyssa sylvatica
Ogeechee -- N. ogeche
water -- N. aquatica

turkey oak -- Quercus laevis

wahoo (eastern) -- Euonymus atropurpureus
water ash -- Fraxinus caroliniana
water birch -- Betula occidentalis
water elm -- Planera aquatica
water oak -- Quercus nigra 
water tupelo -- Nyssa aquatica
western larch -- Larix occidentalis
white alder -- Alnus rhombifolia
white basswood -- Tilia heterophylla 
white birch (American) -- Betula papyrifera 
white birch (European) -- Betula alba.
white elm -- (see American elm)
white fir -- Abies concolor
white maple -- (see silver maple)
white oak -- Quercus alba
white pine -- Pinus strobus
white spruce -- Picea glauca

willow

black -- Salix nigra
peachleaf -- S. amygdaloides
weeping -- S. babylonica
white -- S. alba

willow oak -- Quercus phellos

yellow birch -- Betula lutea
yellow buckeye -- Aesculus octandra

yellow pine -- (see Chihuahua pine)
yellow spruce -- (see red spruce)
yellow-poplar --- tulip tree -- Liriodendron tulipifera

For additional species see:

The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees (Eastern and Western)

Online sources include:

A wealth of databases are listed in METLA’s "Virtual Library:Forestry" under:http://www.vwa.org.au/list_ta_abc.htm

For a wider search, try the Internet Directory for Botany: http://www.botany.net/IDB/info.html

Nonwoods

abaca (Manila hemp) -- Musa textilis
bagasse (sugarcane) -- Sacharum spp.
bamboo -- Bambusa spp.
barley straw
cotton -- Gossypium hirsutum
crotalaria (sunn hemp) -- Crotalovia juncea
esparto grass -- Stipa tenacissima; Lygeum spartum
flax -- Linum usitatissimum
hemp -- Cannabis sativa
henequen (sisal hemp)
hesperaloe -- Hesperaloe funifera; H. nocturna
jute -- Corchorus capsularis
kenaf -- Hibiscus cannabinus
linseed straw
maguay
oat straw
papyrus -- Cyperus papyrus
pinzote (banana stalks)
ramie -- Boehmeria nivea (white leaves); B. tenacissima (green leaves); B. nivea var. tenacissima
rapeseed straw
reed canary grass -- Phalaris arundinacea
rice -- Oryza sativa
rye straw
sabai grass
sisal -- Agave sisalana
sorghum (stalks)
wheat straw

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